In our modern society, humans are constantly trying to find ways to improve. One of the improvements made recently is genetic engineering. Genetic engineering is the deliberate manipulation of an organism's genome, with the intention of changing its genetic composition. Genetic engineering can be used to alter the genes of plants, animals, bacteria and even humans. Scientists can apply genetic engineering in a multitude of fields, such as agriculture, healthcare, and various commercial sectors. DNA used in genetic engineering can be obtained by copying genetic material from an organism through genetic cloning, DNA can be artificially synthesized. Gene segments are inserted into an organism's DNA by replacing one gene with another, called a “knockin.” GenesGenetic engineering can be used to increase yield, prevent diseases and pests, and improve the quality of crops. Most applications of genetic engineering in agriculture involve modifying crops to increase yield. For example, DroughtGard®, a hydroefficiency characteristic of the bacterium Bacillus subtilus, reduces the impact of “drought stress” in corn. Not only does this product allow crops to grow in drier environments, "Genuity," the company responsible for the DroughtGard® feature, claims that using hybrid corn increases yield, giving the customer a five bushel per acre advantage over a major competitor. Farmers can also purchase genetically modified crop seeds that produce the proteins needed to repel pests or cause their death. Using these seeds instead of organic seeds reduces the need to use pesticides, reducing costs and labor required, significantly increasing profits. For example, Bt corn is a type of genetically modified corn, which produces δ-endotoxins originating from Bacillus thuringiensis, its donor bacterium. These endotoxins act as an insect repellent, preventing the corn from being eaten by insects. In places where resources to control pests and weeds are scarce, plants with these genetic modifications can dramatically increase yields. For example, after India started growing insect-resistant cotton, the average yield increased by more than 50%. Genetic engineering may also increase. For example, genetic engineering can be used to produce fibers for multiple uses, neutralize dangerous chemicals, and reduce the need for fossil fuels. Genetic engineering can be used to produce new types of textile fibres. Manufacturers can insert genes into bacteria and produce amino acids. These amino acids are then twisted together to form fibers. Another way to produce genetically modified fibers is to express other proteins in keratin fibers, using transgenesis, the act of introducing a gene into a living organism, so that its offspring inherit its characteristics. Genetic engineering can also be used to convert waste into useful materials. In the early 1990s, a bacterium was genetically modified to accelerate the degradation of oil, as well as many synthetic materials such as plastics and pesticides. Pseudomonas putida, the first patented organism in the world, is a genetically modified bacterium capable of biodegrading oil as it uses hydrocarbons as fuel. This species of bacteria can be released in oil spills; the bacteria will then quickly digest the oil. Similar bacteria were used in the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil disaster; the bacteria were