Topic > Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill - 1753

All human life is marked by a series of problems and questions that must be faced and answered. Every day we are faced with fundamental choices, eat ice cream or cake, swim or ride a bike, play football or basketball, read or watch TV. These examples are trivial, but there are much more important ones with more disturbing consequences: going to college or not, where to go, choosing a career, a spouse, a house. However, there are even more serious dilemmas to face, some of which could have eternal consequences: to wage war or not, to lie and cheat or not, to take a loved one off a ventilator, and so on. Such moral questions carry enormous weight for them. And as human beings, we have no choice but to face them every day. It's part of the essence of what it means to be a human being. There is no way out, no matter how much someone tries to ignore these problems, these choices must be made and their consequences faced. Others understood the importance of such questions and spent a lot of time and effort addressing them. Since the time of Plato and Aristotle, philosophers have been deeply concerned with such questions. Each offered their own vision of what is right and wrong and how to behave in the right way. Those in the field of ethics have spent a lot of time thinking about these questions. Two of these philosophers were Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. Each of these philosophers expounded and supported the principle of utility. For utilitarians, pleasure and pain are the two driving forces. “Nature has placed mankind under the government of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure” (Bentham 367). For Bentham the principle of utility was the principle for ethical questions. The principle can be simply stated as providing the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people. This means that Bentham is an ethical hedonist; the right thing to do is the one that causes pleasure to all parties involved. But Bentham is not that simple, not only is he an ethical hedonist, he is also a psychological egoistic hedonist. It will be necessary here to define our terms. A psychological egoistic hedonist believes that the only things we do, or perhaps can, desire as ends are things that bring pleasure to ourselves..