a. Gold uses a statement from the National Research Council in America that immigration brought in $1 billion to $10 billion every year to refute the idea that immigration brings America down,b. Arora refutes the opposing view that most immigrants send their money back to their home countries instead of spending it in the United States, saying that immigrants have left their countries for so many years and become U.S. citizens. It also recognizes that most immigrants pay taxes and have small businesses that contribute to U.S. economic growth. Nowrasteh and Cole contradict their opponents on the issue of immigrants competing with native-born American jobs by making a clear comparison that immigrants are more focused on jobs that do not require English skills, while native-born Americans are more focused on jobs that require the English language. Skills. D. Conclusion: These authors present their arguments convincingly to refute the idea that immigration reduces the economic development of the United States of America.