In other words, we don't really know what kept the Grinch from accomplishing the rest of his needs, but his D-cognition and D-love were off the charts , highlighted by its reasons for deficiency. Max, his dog, however, provides us with some insights into the Grinch's triple D psychopathology (D-cognition, D-love, and deficiency). Separated and alone, except for Max, across mountains and chasms from which he can look down on Whoville (Jones, 1966), we realize that the Grinch suffers from D cognition. He is critical and isolated from Whoville, greatly lacking in empathy and compassion as well as being cynical and antisocial (Ewen, 2010). But the Grinch has Max, proving he has deficiency motivations and D-Love. The Grinch's deficiency motivations of trying to reduce what is lacking in himself, namely B-love, are shown in how the Grinch desires to receive love and affection, or D-Love, from Max (Ewen, 2010 ). The Grinch's psychopathology is highlighted by the fact that he had needs for belonging and love; he was simply incapable of developing them