First, considering the high density of nodes, routing protocols should route data over long distances, regardless of the structure and size of the network. Some of the active nodes may fail during network operations due to sensor node power depletion, hardware failures, or various environmental factors, but these problems do not necessarily disrupt the normal operation of the network. Furthermore, since sensor nodes have a limited amount of power, limited processing capacity, with limited memory and available bandwidth, the need arises for efficient routing and data dissemination such that network resources are used in effective way. Furthermore, since the performance demands of wireless sensor networks are entirely application dependent, routing algorithms should satisfy the QoS demands of the application for which the network is deployed. For example, challenges in designing routing algorithms for environmental monitoring will be different from issues that should be considered for target monitoring or healthcare monitoring. Based on the differences between traditional wireless networks and wireless sensor networks, various routing protocols have been proposed in recent years to address the challenges faced when routing data packets in wireless network.