Multiculturalism in cities is the result of the migration of people from different parts of the world. As a result of the ongoing globalization process, there is increasing international migration to global cities (Robinson, 2009). Christian Joppke and Steven Lukes (1999) state that the concept of multiculturalism is open to various interpretations. Multiculturalism can be interpreted as the tolerance of people of different ethnic, cultural and religious origins in a region and policies that welcome immigrants (Media & Zinga, 2004, Bloemraad, 2011) as in cities such as Toronto. A multicultural city can be defined as a city in which people of different nationalities, religious beliefs and cultural/ethnic backgrounds coexist within the same society (Kanpol & Mclaren, 1995). New York can be seen as a multicultural city due to its large immigrant population. Most of these immigrants are attracted by the city's economic opportunities, so New York's multiculturalism is tied to its economy. While New York City celebrates diversity, there is still income inequality and job segregation that affects immigrants. New York City was a center for immigrants and still is today. About one-third of the city's total population of 8 million is foreign-born (nyc.gov, 2014). Approximately 800 different languages are spoken in New York (nyiac.org, 2014). The city served as a historic port of entry for Southern and Eastern European immigrants such as Russian Jews, Italians, Germans, and the Irish (Foner, 2007). The new wave of immigrants is no longer predominantly composed of Europeans as the city has continued to attract significant numbers of people from all parts of the world, such as Asians, Latin Americans and Africans (Fon...... middle of paper.. ...As a result of occupational segregation, immigrants have formed occupational niches to support each other. Occupational niche means that a large number of members of specific ethnic groups dominate a particular occupational sector category (industry-based and/or occupational). ) (Wilson). Ethnic niches demonstrate the connection between professional skills and New York City's multiculturalism, specific ethnic groups dominate some jobs. For example, most diamond dealers in New York City are Hasidic Jews (reference), tata jobs are dominated by Filipinos, and in downtown New York City, Koreans run most of the convenience stores. Occupational niches have contributed to co-ethnic employment opportunities (Waldinger, 1996a) as a result of networks created by social ties such as. Family, cultures, religion and race (Wilson, 1999).
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