They had 100 participants in their study. All groups of bystanders were selected, unless the experimenter reset after a fall. All participants walked in groups of one, two, three or four. They conducted the study with 50 male and 50 female experimenters of the same ethnicity and between the ages of twenty and thirty-five, dressed casually. Once the selected group is within six feet of the experimenter, the experimenter drops seven books of various sizes. Another experimenter serves as a confederate by noting participants' reactions. They defined helping as offering assistance, and their operational definitions were: simply watching or continuing to walk, helping, not offering assistance or ignoring, and other. Monk-Turner et al., (2002) hypothesized that men are more likely to exhibit helping behaviors than women, that fewer women than men will offer assistance, and that women will elicit more help than men. (Monk Turner et al.,