In Shakespeare's play Macbeth, the numerous paradoxes and contradictions allow us to see not only deeper into the text, but also deeper into the characters. The theme of ambiguity and duplicity is used to hide the mental state of the characters throughout the play so that they remain unnoticed by others around them. These complex paradoxes are incredibly contradictory and usually very difficult to understand at first glance, but through the use of these contradictions, the theme of what is illusion and what is reality is heavily confused throughout the work. In other words, the conflicting ideas that allow and show the irreconcilable distinction between good and evil, chaos and disruption of the natural order, and that not everything appears as it seems, are necessary to understand the psychological point of view of Macbeth and those who they were close to him. him. The first psychological contradiction is found at the beginning of the work. The witches are brewing a potion in a cauldron when they begin to sing, "Fair is foul, and foul is fair..." (act 1, scene 1, line 11). This disturbing paradox is an implication of the most important theme of the work; how nothing is really as it seems. This idea can be seen throughout the work and is especially useful when trying to understand the psychological point of view of the main characters. For example, later in the plot, when the prophecy says that Banquo will be “lesser than Macbeth and greater / not so happy, but much happier (Act 1, scene 3, 65-66*), we can pick up on subliminal hints regarding the future psyche of both Macbeth and Banquo. Although Macbeth could get what he wants, the kingship, and should be much happier than Banquo, he will not be, because Banquo will unknowingly be a happier and “bigger”*… middle of paper… … ch together with "beautiful is ugly, and ugly is beautiful..." means that things are not necessarily what they seem. The Macbeths seemed innocent, while in reality they were just murderers who could reveal their thoughts and feelings both consciously and unconsciously only through the use of paradoxes and ambiguity; and it is clear that they are not just dissemblers, but genuinely equivocate between good and evil. The mysterious spell of the witches at the beginning of the play addresses this central idea: the difficulty of understanding the intentions that lie in the human heart. In conclusion, the idea of ​​right is bad, and bad is right has many possible meanings and can be analyzed endlessly, but one thing is certain and that is that paradoxes add confusion, uncertainty and mystery to each character, but without contradictions . , we wouldn't know the characters at all.