If I were to do a study on the advantages and disadvantages of having physical education in the elementary school system and requiring it, a good question to look for would be: “Are there sources that mention the direct impact of physical education on academic performance?” 10. Problems prefiguratia. Foreshadowed issues are mentioned in the literature review section, especially a qualitative literature review, and are statements made that express the “overall purpose of the study” (McMillan, 2012, p. 84). B. In the study I performed on social media and its impact on college students, it foreshadowed the issues observed in the literature review that revolved around the positive and negative effects of social media, the effects of social media on relationships, the effects of social media on communication and the ways in which social media can be used in a university setting. 11. Simple random sampling. Simple random sampling occurs when all members of a given population of an experience have the same probability of being selected. (McMillan, 2012, p.