Depression in adolescence related to the school transition period is a common occurrence according to research findings by Goodwin, Mrug, Borch, & Cillessen, 2012). in fact, according to research, adolescents are the maximum age for the onset of depression in this period (1). There are many causes of depression in late and early adolescence. Over the years, research has concluded that the most common causes of adolescent depression are genetics, lack of parental protection, low self-esteem, child abuse (of all types), faulty interpersonal relationships, and educational transitions. For the purposes of this research we will identify educational transitions from middle or middle school to high school and then describe how research on solution-focused therapies can help alleviate symptoms of depression in adolescents during these transitions. Adolescents transitioning from K-12 to high school are hypothesized to have increased symptoms of depression. The following literature review will attempt to support and identify this hypothesis. Adolescent Depression Depression is common among the adolescent population with onset between the ages of 13 and 18. During this period children are faced with pressures related to adaptation, expected academic performance, puberty, peer pressure and peer conflict. It has been reported that approximately 25% of adolescents in the United States will experience an episode of full-blown depression by age 18 (Bradley, McGrath, Brannen, & Bagnell, 2010). Previous research suggested that it was difficult to determine and distinguish pubertal depression from the natural emotional and physical changes that occur during puberty (David et....... middle of paper ......012). Peer selection and socialization in adolescent depression: The role of school transitions. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41(3), 320-332. ).Jaycox, L., Stein, B., Paddock, S., Miles, J., Chandra, A., Meredith, L., Tanielian, T., Hickey, S., & Burnam, M.. (2009 ). Impact of adolescent depression on academic, social, and physical functioning. Pediatrics, 124(4), E596.Lamarine, R. (1995). Childhood and adolescent depression. Journal of School Health, 65, 390-394. Schwartz, O., Dudgeon, P., Sheeber, L., Yap, M., Simmons, J., & Allen, N.. (2012). Parental behaviors during family interactions predict changes in depression and anxiety symptoms during adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40(1), 59-71. Wallace J Gingerich and Sheri Eisengart. (2000). Solution-focused brief therapy: A review of outcome research. Family process, 39(4), 477-98.
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