Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)Disability DescriptionTraumatic brain injury (TBI), or intracranial injury, is a medical diagnosis that refers to blunt or penetrating damage to the brain caused by an external body source. Each year, TBIs affect approximately 150-250 people in a population of 100,000 (León-Carrión, Domínguez-Morales, Martín, & Murillo-Cabezas, 2005). The main causes of head trauma are road accidents, workplace accidents, sports injuries and extreme violence (León-Carrión et al., 2005). Head trauma is often fatal when the cause is an injury due to the use of firearms, a traffic accident or a long fall (León-Carrión et al., 2005). However, mortality rates and incidence rates differ across countries due to social differences (León-Carrión et al., 2005). TBI often varies in severity. It is often classified by its severity on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), which evaluates a patient's motor response, verbal response, and response shown through eye movement during the 48 hours following injury (Dawodu, 2011). This classifies the injury as mild, with a rating of 13-15; moderate, with a score of 9-12; or severe, with a score of 3-8 (Dawodu, 2011). The injury can also be classified through the Ranchos Los Amigos cognitive functioning scale, which defines the negative impact on cognitive functioning through the patient's response time (Dawodu, 2011). Typically, the GCS corresponds to the Ranchos Los Amigos scale, with more focused responses more evident in higher GCS scores. The changes that occur in a patient's life are best reflected when considering the level of severity. Although mortality in cases of head trauma is a concern, patients are more likely to survive the injury (León-Carrión et ...... middle of paper ...... all receive the best possible care from therapy In music therapy, a therapist should be positive and hopeful. However, this does not mean that a therapist should deny the unhappy emotions that may be expressed by the client. Instead, he or she should respect these emotions and work with the patient to change them . Works Cited Dawodu, S. (2011 Traumatic brain injury (TBI) - definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology. Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape. com/article/326510-overviewLeón-Carrión, J., Domínguez-Morales, M., Martín, J ., & Murillo-Cabezas, F. (2005). Epidemiology of traumatic brain injury and hemorrhage subarachnoidea. Retrieved from http://. www.springerlink.com/content/6213461j004054m1/fulltext.pdfMurrey, G. (ed.) Alternative Therapies in the Treatment of Brain Injury and Neurobehavioral Disorders. London: Routledge.