The Dual Motive Theory (hereinafter referred to as “DMT”) is a scientifically based theory based on evolutionary neuroscience and brain physiology that provides powerful new evidence that human exchange , and indeed human perception, emerged from the interaction of archetypal neural circuits governing the self-preservation circuits of early vertebrates overlapped and integrated with the self-preservation circuits of other subsequently evolved mammals. DMT is based on the fundamental taxonomic fact that we humans are mammals. Mammals have developed brain circuits for both self-interest and other-interest or empathy. In opposition to the cold-blooded, self-preservative, selfish, and asocial brain circuits of ancestral stem vertebrates, mammals have evolved warm-blooded, caring neural circuits. The interactive dynamics of the two archetypal circuits makes the care of parents and children, family life and social life possible. The dynamic interaction of opposing archetypal brain circuits also underlies all forms of social exchange. By understanding these new discoveries, which are key to understanding human perception, expression, motivation, and the creation of human-made social structures, a new paradigm for understanding human behavior can lead to a new way of doing business and even governing politics, consistent with the dynamics of human brain function based on the architecture of the human brain. 3.1.1 MacLean's triune brain According to Paul MacLean, the human brain is an interconnected brain at three levels. He proposed two archetypal neural circuits emerging from different periods of human evolution. The most basic is the self-preservation circuitry of our early stem vertebrate ancestors involved during the Permian and Triassic periods between 250 and 300 million years ago that provide basic life-support functions and behaviors, including foraging, self-defense and reproduction. It is cold-blooded and involves little or no social life. From suggestions primarily focused on the survival of these ancestral circuits derive the motivational source for egoistic, survivalist and egoistic subjective experiences and behaviors. The second archetypal set of neural circuits emerged during our transition from ancestral vertebrates to mammals, known as the limbic system. (including processing of physiological structures such as the hypothalamus, amygdala, insula, hippocampus, thalamus, and limbic cingulate cortex). This circuitry brought with it the emergence of mammalian characteristics such as breastfeeding, parental care/infant bonding, play, bonding, and social interaction. The motivational source for empathic and other-interested experiences and behaviors arises from such circuits. These dual-motivation circuits, superimposed on later evolved new brain centers, the neocortex, enable the highest capabilities of primates and humans. It overgrew and encompassed the previous interconnected neural tissues of mammals and stems such as vertebrates, but did not replace them. Their dynamic interaction is the foundation of all human social exchange behaviors.