For example, Gunther Stent stated that "there was no originality in anything he did" (Johnson 3). Stent and many other scientists scorned his efforts, claiming that growing the virus in monkey kidney cells was quite simple and uncomplicated. Even several virologists, such as Joseph Melnick, have questioned the effectiveness of the drug (Johnson 3). Specialists thought that the cure for polio would be found in a live virus rather than a killed virus, like the one used in Salk's vaccine. His competitors were also skeptical of his work because, in comparison, he was new to polio vaccine research, while his competitors had been working on it for years. They found it hard to believe that a simple idea could produce such effective results. When Salk agreed to an interview in which he discussed the trials and functioning of his vaccine, “some of his fellow scientists accused Salk of being more than just a publicity hound” (“Jonas” 3). Scientists believed that Jonas had stepped outside his professional boundaries and neglected established scientific procedure. Jonas was deeply hurt when he listened to the scientists' opinions, claiming that he had been driven to do the interview by a higher principle. Furthermore, Salk recalls his rival, Albert Stalin, telling him that he “was determined to kill the killed virus” at a conference in 1960 (Johnson 3). Jonas, however, would ignore these types of remarks and often characterize them as professional envy. Despite all the negative criticism, according to Sharon Begley, “Salk had become a medical legend, an instant hero to millions, and the man who brought summer back” (Begley 1). When Salk's vaccine proved highly effective, he became a celebrity overnight. His work was immensely appreciated by the public, and concerns about the polio virus quickly began to fade. Allen Goldstein's opinion was in accordance with the