Identify the possible nursing diagnoses that Karen might have and provide a rationale for your choice: A nursing diagnosis that would be attributed to the patient Karen in the case study would be at risk for volume deficiency liquids. Karen's slightly elevated pulse and respirations and also the evaluation results of mild edema and blistering show that there is movement of body fluid in the second and third interstitial spaces. Brown and Edwards (2008) state that this is caused by increased capillary permeability. Water, sodium and plasma proteins move into the intestinal space and surrounding tissues. Additionally, Karen claims to have headaches, feel nauseous, and feel cold after excessive sun exposure. Karen has a temperature of 38.5 and abundant redness on the body surface after prolonged exposure. Excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays can cause thermal burns leading to increased evaporative fluid loss from the injured skin. Assessing fluid loss, perfusion and oxygenation status, and assessing the need for replenishment of lost fluids and electrolytes, through fluid and protein shifts, can help restore intravascular volume. Another expected nursing diagnosis is acute pain. The sudden onset of pain is a result of damage to the nociceptive tissue and the nursing treatment required for the injured tissue. Careful evaluation of the wound and surrounding tissue can help determine the level of injury sustained. Pain is variable and cannot be reliably predicted by clinical assessment of the patient. 'Burn patients experience two types of continuous background pain, which occurs during the course of the day and night. Secondly, a treatment-induced pain related to walking,...... half of the article......dical-surgical nursing, Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems, 2nd edition, Elsevier Australia, Chatswood.Funnell , R , Koutoukidis, G & Lawrence, K (2009) Tabbner's nursing care, 5th edition, Elsevier, Chatswood.Greenfield, E (2010) The key role of nursing staff in burn care, Indian Journal of plastic Surgery vol. 43, No. 3, pp.94-100, accessed online 17 March 2010. http://www.ijps.org/article.asp?issn=09700358;year=2010;volume=43;issue=3;spage = 94;epage=100;aulast=Greenfield.Patterson, R, Hoflund, H, Espey, K & Sharar, S(nd)Pain Management, Pain Control - The International Burn Injury Society, viewed online 17 March 2012 http:// www.worldburn.org/documents/painmanage.pdf.Sholtis-Bunner, L, Smeltzer, S, Bare, B Hinkle, J, Cheever, K 2009, Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing, 12thedn , Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,