Recommendations for Process OptimizationReducing Emissions Control of air pollution has become a requirement established by the Environmental Protection Agency for every incineration plant. All pollution control equipment must be capable of operating to control and limit emissions and particulate matter {nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx) and carbon monoxide (CO)} (“ Biosolids Technology Fact Sheet”, 2003). The EPA projects that air pollution controls will reduce nationwide emissions from sewage sludge incinerators by four pounds per year of mercury, 450 tons per year of acid gases, 58 tons per year of particulate matter and 1.7 tonnes per year of cadmium and lead. USEPA Fact Sheet 2011). Emissions and particulate matter can be controlled through the use of mechanical collectors, wet scrubbers, fabric filters and electrostatic precipitators. Process control devices are also implemented. For example, NOx formation is often reduced by operating the burner with low excess air, arranging the combustion process, recirculating exhaust gases, and using low-NOx burners ("Biosolids Technology Fact Sheet", 2003). Mechanical Collectors and Scrubbers According to the EPA, mechanical collectors are low-efficiency control systems, ranging from 50 to 95 percent efficiency for particles larger than 10 Fm. Mechanical collectors include settling chambers, which use gravity to induce particle settling; impaction separators, which cause particles to lose momentum and fall out of the gas; and cyclone separators, in which the incinerator outlet gas is forced along a cone of decreasing diameter. Wet scrubbers are commonly used to remove particulate matter and water-soluble air contaminants such as hydrochloric acid, sulfur dioxide, and...... paper media...... Emissions from municipal and hospital waste combustors . Environmental health perspectives. 1992, 98, 227-234.Roy, M.; Dutta A.; Corscadden, K.; Havard, P.; Dickie, L. Review of biosolids management options and co-incineration of a biosolids-derived fuel. Waste management. 2011, 31, 2228-2235.Miyake, Y,; Yura, A.; Misaki, H.; Ikeda, Y.; Usui, T.; Iki M.; Shimizu, T. Relationship between the distance of schools from the nearest municipal waste incineration plant and children's health in Japan. European Journal of Epidemiology. 2005, 20(12), 1023-1030. “Final Performance Standards for New Stationary Sources and Emissions Guidelines for Existing Sources: Sewage Sludge Incinerators” February 2, 2011 USEPA Fact Sheet “Biosolids Technology Fact Sheet: Use of Incineration to Manage Biosolids” Agency for environmental protection. June 2003. Office of Water EPA 832-F-03-013