If shear wave velocity increases, earthquake shaking will decrease (USGS, 2012). Generally, shaking at sites with hard rock is smaller and shorter than shaking at sites with soft soil. Each of the soil layers will change its shape due to strong shaking, water-saturated sand can change its phase from solid to liquid state, which can lead to numerous damages, as described in figure 9 (EMA, [ undated]). The surface of the ground and wet clay layer breaks, and the shapes of all the layers look like waveforms due to