Final articleIn the following paper I will discuss whether the philosophical position of Humes or Descartes on the existence of the external world is stronger than the other. I will first present each philosopher's position, and then argue that Hume has a stronger position on the existence of the external world for the reason of this article. Descartes argues that we can know the external world thanks to God, and God is not a deceiver. Descartes' fundamental foundation for understanding what is important comes from three points: our thoughts about the world and things in it may be deceptive, our reasoning power has found ideas that are indubitable, and certainty comes through reasoning. Once we have certainty about God and ourselves, then we are easily able to distinguish reality from dreams, and so on. God created us and gave us reason, which tells us that our ideas of the external world come from God. God directly gave us the idea of the external world. The concept of existence, self and doubt could not have existed on its own; therefore they had to be created by someone to have imprinted them in our minds. That creator is God, who is omnipotent and perfect. God is not a deceiver to me; God is good, so what I perceive really exists. God without existence is like a mountain without a valley. A valley does not exist if there is not a mountain, and vice versa a mountain is not a mountain without a valley. We cannot believe or think of God without existence. We know the idea of God, and that idea inevitably contains his existence. My thoughts on God are clear and distinct that he exists. Descartes has now "rebuilt" the world, solely through his power and reasoning. Descartes is only capable... of half a sheet of paper... of formulating ideas based on the operations of our mind. For example, the idea of a unicorn is also a complex idea, along with that of God, while many of us have seen the image of a unicorn, someone had to come up with the original idea of what a unicorn is without seeing an image. The operations of our mind created this idea of God, which refutes Descartes' argument that we have knowledge of the external world thanks to God. Descartes would argue that Humes' idea of God is natural and never arises from impressions. Hume' consequently has the best argument arguing that the idea of God is indeed based on the ideas of perfection and that infinity is deduced from the ideas of imperfection and finitude. In conclusion of this article, from the above arguments on the philosophical positions of Humes and Descartes, Hume has a stronger position on the existence of the external world.
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