IndexSummaryIntroductionRoute InvestigationOptions ConsideredRoute JustificationPipe DesignCostsPumpPressure BoostConclusionSummaryDrinking water has been supplied by WESSEX Water to 2000 new homes in Poundbury. 350mm diameter pipes with dimensions 200 x 290 x 280 were used in the Armstrong Power series arrangement at a cost of £7,503,927 for both the gravity and pumping mains. The pipe material is made of ductile iron material, largely due to its material strength, they (the pipes) have a rated power of 18.2 kW. The selected route has an extension of approximately 6.11 km. The report analyzed various options for pipeline design and finally arrived at the solution mentioned above. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay IntroductionWessex Water is responsible for supplying drinking water from a pumping station in Burton from its regional mains to a service tank at Lambert's Hill which will then distribute water by gravity to 2,000 new homes in Poundbury. This report was born from the need to analyze and develop the most feasible option starting from some alternatives. The factors considered in the comparative analysis were: routing, pipe material, pipe diameter selection, pump layout and selection, pressure surge protection and, most importantly, cost-effectiveness. The report also considered all underlying design assumptions and in line with Wessex Water Design Standards before recommending the most beneficial/appropriate option. All calculations, tables and figures of the project are in the appendix of the report. Route Investigation The project was limited to 3 routes due to certain criteria/factors such as hydraulic system (elevation and slope of land), land use, sensitive areas and access for construction and maintenance. The three primary routes selected for discussion were gravity routes 3 and pump main routes 1, 2 and 3. Plan and section views of these routes can be found in the appendices. According to the topographic data provided, Burton pumping station, Lambert's Hill service reservoir and maximum/peak elevation at Poundbury are located at elevations of 59.45m, 155.70m and 110m above the Ordnance Datum (AoD). choice of route. Site investigation revealed that the land consists primarily of limestone soils which are favorable materials for underground piping and pipe lining. The inconveniences linked to the reticulation and supply of municipal water were also considerable. Road closures and route diversions, traffic delays and congestion affecting a reasonable population have been put into proper perspective. The design and management standards of the construction project were strictly adhered to. However, there were unavoidable major crossings that required thoughtful approaches for the project to be successful. Cost consideration was also an important decision factor. Projects are generally successful if the allowed initial capital is not exceeded. Long and short term cost effectiveness is also a very important aspect in cost determination, as can be seen in the analysis. Depending on the pipe design, pipe routes are made in certain areas. The choice of pipeline route will be governed by a series of factors such as the hydraulics of the system (elevation and slope of the land), land use (landowners, road/railway crossings andrivers), sensitive areas (AONB, CWS, SSSI, SAM) and access (construction and maintenance) accordingly. As indicated by the data, Burton pumping station has an elevation of 59.45 meters above the Ordnance Datum (AOD), while Lambert's Hill SR has 155.70 meters above the Ordnance Datum (AOD) and Poundbury has 110 meters above Ordnance Datum (AOD). The main key to route selection is to avoid sensitive areas. Areas such as Areas of Natural Beauty (AONB), County Wildlife Sites (CWS), Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and Scheduled Ancient Monuments (SAM) are all shown on the map. Regarding land use, this could be another influencing factor for landowners as well. Furthermore, the ground conditions must also be considered, the water and land being built guarantee the ground conditions on which pipes and other infrastructure will be laid. Cost is another influential factor as each project requires initial capital. Options Considered Justification of Routes Since the pipeline has been selected for a suitable route with a length of 6.11 km, some factors such as sensitive areas, altitude, major crossings and trenches need to be considered. All sensitive areas were avoided (SAM, ISSS, CWS) excluding AOND. In particular, in order to protect the environment and the landscape, it is possible that additional costs may be generated following the location of this sensitive area. The route involves increasing the difference in altitude to make pumping water into the tank cheaper and easier. Major crossings must be kept to a minimum as they will cross rivers and roads avoiding traffic which has led to inconvenience and not to mention the costs which will be reduced. Additionally, shared trenching serves to reduce costs through no duplication of construction personnel trenching, less land take up within road services, increased efficiency and shorter lead times, encouraging greater productivity and cost savings. Pipe DesignWhen choosing the pipe design for the pumped main, the Darcy equation will be used. As indicated by the value of a daily flow rate, the diameters chosen for the main pump were 350 mm and 400 mm. Hf is the pressure drop of the pipe, f is the friction factor, l is the length of the pipe, d is the diameter of the pipe and g is the acceleration due to gravity 9.81 m^2/s. The pressure drop due to the fittings have been calculated. The inlet and outlet chosen by the pipe is one of the key factors. Bell inlet and outlet were selected for both pumped and gravity pipelines. To explain the calculations, a 350 mm diameter pipe can be used, since the velocity of the water in the pipe is 0.842 m/s, which is less than the maximum velocity of 2 m/s therefore the retention time is 2 hours and 1 minute, which is also less than 12 hours of retention. Furthermore, the control pressure for 350 mm is 10.7 bar, which is less than 16 bar. Therefore, it can be concluded that a pipe with a diameter of 350 mm is feasible for the pump model. Meanwhile, using the hydraulic gradient from Table 16, the design pressure drop for the gravity distribution pump is calculated. Likewise, the maximum speed is 0.955 m/s, which is less than the actual maximum speed of 1.5 m/s. The storage time is 52 minutes, which is less than 12 hours of storage. Therefore, 350mm diameter pipe can be installed for gravity distribution pump project. On the other hand, the wash chamber is a tool that cleans the water by removing waste such as sand, clay and crack before undertaking chlorine testing procedures before the network is activatedwater. The process of installing the wash chambers involves one wash chamber every two kilometers. The length of the route is 6.11 km, 4 buffer chambers have been installed. 4 buffer chambers every 4 km are k= 0.96. Another method is used for in-line valves where it allows the fluid to flow in one direction. There are 3 valves in line. Air vents are installed manually operated and are used to release air from a water pipe or fitting. 3 air valves have been installed for the hose. Washouts were installed to allow water to flow away while the pipe was being cleaned. Junctions where a pipe branches to a washout point, so the number of washouts is 3. With the increasing complexity of the pipeline network, many pipelines need to be cut through open cut (trenching), pipe laying and directional drilling . Open excavation can be a less expensive method than trenchless methods in unpaved areas. It also does not require removing debris from the pipe. Directional drilling is the concept of controlling direction and placing a well inside the pipe in an underground location. The number of crossings is 17. Costs After defining the pipeline design, the cost of the pumped pipeline and the gravity pipeline can be calculated. From the figure, the costs for pumped pipelines with diameters of 350mm, 400mm and 6110 and 3000 meters were calculated. As for the main pump pipe, scheme 3 costs $7,097,943 while scheme 1 costs $7,215,186 so scheme 1 is the most expensive and costs $7,215,186 every 60 years. Scheme 3 and Scheme 2 cost $7,097,943 every 60 years and $7,097,943 every 60 years. The cost must be as low as possible, therefore scheme 1 cannot be used. In conclusion, the pipe diameter of 350mm is suitable for scheme 2. For the main gravity distribution pipe, scheme 2 is the most expensive and costs $1,688,500, so it is not suitable for the pipe diameter. In comparison, the 1S scheme is the cheapest compared to the other which costs $1,576,945. To finalize this, the 350 diameter from Lambert's Hill to Poundbury is most feasible using 350mm pipe. Pump Due to the hose selection for the main hose, the diameter of 350 mm is used. First, to find the static lift, the elevation at Lambert's Hill is 155.70 m, the elevation at Burton PS is 59.45 m and the freeboard is 0.5 m. Consequently, О” z is (155.70-59.45+0.5) = 96.75 m. The relevant operating point is at an altitude of 108.94 m where the flow rate is 0.081 m^3/s. The tubes had to be in series or continuous parallel. The parallel for high flow value pipes. Therefore, it is necessary to use the arrangement of the Armstrong pump series. If the efficiency increases as the number of pumps increases. Pump systems with 5 or 6 have been identified as pumps requiring the least amount of power. This excludes systems with 2, 3 or 4 pumps. The 87% increase in efficiency for the 6-pump system does not explain the cost of purchasing an additional pump. Therefore, the 5 pump option is best suited for the Burton PS to Lambert's Hill pipe. Using the pump performance table, 5 no. Pipes 200x290x280: 75 l/s, 21 m, 18.5 kW, 85% were used due to lower costs. Pressure surge Pressure surge is a sudden, transient increase or drop in pressure in a pipe. Surges in pipelines can be positive or negative and are mostly caused by the sudden closure of a block valve or the emergency stop of a pump. For example, if the valve is too closed or opens quickly. If peak pressure exceeds a pipe's rated capacity, it can cause cracks in the piping system. The pressure.