IndexDevelopment of MalaysiaPovertyObjectives of Malaysia Five Year Development PlansNational Economic Policy (NEP)National Development Policy (NDP)National Vision Policy (NVP)Privatization of government agencies or companiesAdvantagesDisadvantagesSuper Media Corridor (MSC)MSC Phase 1 (1996-2003)MSC Phase 2 (2004-2010)MSC Phase 3 (2001-2020)Poverty Income LinePoverty ConceptsReasons of PovertyRural AreasUrban AreasMeasures to Eradicate PovertyBest SolutionConclusions and RecommendationsDevelopment of MalaysiaThe Plan Malaysian a comprehensive outline of the government's development policies and strategies, also known as the Malaysian Five Year Plan. After Malaysia gained independence, the government initiated a series of projects to guide the country towards achieving Vision 2020. The fourth Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad officially inaugurated the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) on 12 February 1996 Since then, MSC has been a leader. Our country's transformation towards a knowledge-based society has been happening for almost 17 years and MSC has become our gateway to the ICT industry in the region. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay Poverty Over 20% of the world's population lives in poverty. Poverty is a big problem all over the world, because thousands of people die every year due to this big problem. Poverty is a problem that needs to be addressed by everyone in the world because if no one tries to do something about it it will continue to get worse as time goes by. To help stop poverty we must help each other in every way we can. Poverty refers to the condition of not having the means to meet basic human needs such as clean water, nutrition, healthcare, clothing, food and a warm place to live. Poverty is a deadly problem that is slowly killing our population (Alvarado, n.d.). To help stop poverty, it is vital that government and communities contribute as much as possible to ensure that everyone gets at least their basic needs for the survival of mankind. .Objectives of Malaysia's Five Year Development Plans National Economic Policy (NEP) The two objectives of the NEP that go side by side are the elimination of poverty for Malays regardless of their races and the rectification of economic imbalances between racial groups in aspects of income, employment and wealth (Saniman, 2007). NEP emphasized the importance of achieving socioeconomic goals along with pursuing economic growth goals to create unity and harmony in a country with many racial and religious communities. National unity was the ultimate goal along with the other objectives as follows (Izad, 2012): Creation of growth centers Modernization of rural areas Rapid development of urban areas Increased productivity and income of those in occupations that lack productivity National Development Policy (NDP) The NDP has continued to advance the goals established by the NEP. National unity is the NDP's ultimate goal because a united society is essential to improving social and political stability and ensuring the sustainability of economic development is maintained. This policy constitutes a crucial step towards the direction of Malaysia achieving the status of a developed nation in all aspects of social, values, ethics and morals, political stability, quality of life, government effectiveness and economic excellence (Kasturi, 2014). .National Vision Policy (NVP) The goal is the same as the NDP which is national unity. The goals are to build a raceunified, forward-thinking and prosperous Malaysian who coexist harmoniously and are involved in a strong and beneficial relationship. The objectives are as follows (Izad, 2012): Make Malaysian society more knowledge-based Create internally-led growth by stimulating local investment Improve the dynamism of agriculture, manufacturing and service sectors through knowledge injection Address rural poverty and among Orang Asli and Bumiputera minority groups in Sabah and Sarawak Improve quality of life and income among those in the lowest income categories (30%) Support a knowledge-based society by restructuring human resource development Privatization of agencies Government or Corporate Advantages Privatization is mostly linked to greater efficiency due to the profit motive. To minimize costs and increase profits, private companies always make sure to increase their operational efficiency. Furthermore, privatization reduces policy disruption from the government. At times, the government seems unable to make difficult decisions especially when they affect its political position, such as layoffs and salary cuts, which will ultimately attract not-so-positive publicity and attention. This is actually ineffective for privatized companies. Not only that, privatization motivates improvements in the company through competition. When a state-owned entity is privatized, it loses government protection and is forced to adapt to the market by providing better products or services to survive. To survive, a privatized state-owned enterprise loses legal protection from the government and has no choice but to adapt to the market by providing better services or goods. Disadvantages Privatization of some entities can cause natural monopoly. This type of monopoly occurs when the maximum efficient number of firms in an industry is one. For example, the fixed costs associated with tap water are very high. So, in this case, the possibilities of competition between a few companies are limited. In scenarios like this, privatization would just constitute a private monopoly seeking to set higher prices and exploit consumers. It would therefore be better to establish a public monopoly instead of a private monopoly that exploits consumers. With private monopolies, government regulation is necessary to prevent the abuse of monopoly power. In industries that operate important services for the general public, for example education, healthcare and public transport, their primary objective should not be profit for these companies. . In the healthcare industry, there is a fear that the privatization of healthcare could ultimately lead to a greater focus on profit rather than prioritizing patient care. There is an argument that we don't need profit incentives to raise standards in a field like healthcare. However, doctors are unlikely to be more likely to perform at work when treating their patients when they are certain of getting a bonus or promotion (Pettinger, 2017). Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) The Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) is Malaysia's most exciting initiative for the global information and communications technology (ICT) industry. MSC was conceived in 1996 and has since expanded into a thriving and dynamic ICT hub hosting more than 900 multinational, foreign-owned and locally grown Malaysian companies focused on multimedia products, solutions, services and research and development and communication (UITM, n.d.). There are three phases in the MSC program as follows: MSC Phase 1 (1996-2003) They were developed withsuccess five Cybercities: Kuala Lumpur, KL Tower, Cyberjaya, Technology Park Malaysia and UPM-MTDC. More than 1,000 companies and universities have been granted MSC status. Seven major MSC flagship initiatives were piloted, 22,000 high-value jobs were created and total revenue worth RM6 billion was generated. MSC Phase 2 (2004-2010) Some highly intelligent cities have been formed, these cities are known as cybercities. A cyber law has been established that is on par with the global standard. A series of networks containing the same concept of corridors have also been created. MSC Phase 3 (2001-2020) Malaysia will evolve into a multimedia super corridor. An international cybercourt will be created in the MSC and 12 smart cities will be connected to the global information highway. Many cutting-edge innovative applications have been developed in the MSC to accelerate its expansion. They are focused on developing: Smart Schools – It is a learning institution that has been systematically invented in terms of teaching and learning practices and school management so that students are prepared to practice self-assessed and self-directed learning Telehealth – It is a multimedia network that connects all participants to provide products and services in the healthcare sector. The aim is to keep people in the wellness paradigm, through the simple provision of health information and virtual health services. Multipurpose Card (MPC) – Create a common platform that will allow government and private application providers to create smart card solutions. Electronic Government – ​​IT is launched to elevate the convenience, accessibility and quality of interactions between citizens and businesses. It will also increase information flows and processes within government to raise the speed and quality of policy department, coordination and enforcement. R&D cluster: brings together corporate resources and creates an environment to promote the development of innovative multimedia technologies Technologist development: to help ICT SMEs grow into world-class companies and to cultivate a critical number of strategic high-tech industries such as ICT, biotechnology and other life science start-ups. Poverty Line IncomePoverty line income is the minimum level of income considered adequate in a specific country. To find out the poverty line, it is usually calculated by finding the total cost of all essential resources that an average adult consumes in a year. Historically, economists have paid particular attention to the housing market and house prices as a strong effector of the poverty line, as the rent required to live in an apartment constitutes the largest portion of those resources. Sometimes, some factors, such as whether an adult is a parent, a child, is married, and others, are usually used to take into account different circumstances (Wikipedia, 2018). Concepts of Poverty A most frequently used concept of poverty is the lack of economic well-being which focuses on quantifiable ways of measuring and defining poverty. These perspectives essentially point to the common theme of “economic deprivation,” although there are many perspectives that poverty can take. The economic well-being approach mainly focuses on the inadequacy of economic resources consumed by people. The idea of ​​economic well-being is linked to the physical quality of life for which the use of clothing, shelter, food and other basic needs is essential. Another concept is that of capabilities which underlines the need to consider poverty as a deficiency in a person's basic capabilities which shows how muchfreedom is necessary to achieve meaningful 'functionings'. The degree of freedom an individual enjoys provides a more accurate basis for determining the level of deprivation experienced. This concept makes more sense to idealize poverty because instead of focusing on instrumentally apparent low levels of income, it pays attention to the portion of well-being or deprivation that has intrinsic value and is generated by a wide range of attributes. When economic well-being and capability concepts view poverty from the material and internal quality of life perspective, the concept of social inclusion refers to the relational quality of life. The social inclusion approach focuses on a person's relationship with institutions and broader social frameworks which identifies an individual's social and relational resourcefulness as necessary to achieve human well-being. Proponents of this social inclusion approach argue that when these individuals lack an adequate social order that gives them sufficient protection when needed, even if they have adequate income or adequate means to survive, people can still be considered poor (Wagle, 2008 ). Reasons for Poverty Rural Areas Rural poverty is usually caused by inadequate infrastructure that inhibits mobility along with development. Rural places usually do not have properly constructed roads that could improve accessibility to larger markets. The rural poor do not have access to the emerging markets and technological development found in urban places. Due to inadequate infrastructure, the poor, many of whom have limited access to media, hinder communication and lead to social isolation. This type of isolation disrupts integration with the urban community and established markets that could lead to better development and economic security. Furthermore, due to uncertainty in water supply for production, inadequate irrigation systems endanger agricultural crops. Lower agricultural production, fewer working days and lower productivity in much less affluent rural areas can be caused by a lack of irrigation to pump or store water. Some rural communities have low levels of education along with limited opportunities to hone and elevate skills hinders social mobility. Most of the poor in remote areas work insecure jobs which cause poverty among the rural poor due to lack of education and few skills. Insufficient education regarding personal well-being and nutritional diets is often a cause of malnutrition among poor rural citizens. Furthermore, lack of accessibility to information and social isolation caused by insufficient roads make it difficult for poor people in rural areas to acquire and afford healthcare, leading to poorer health rates (Wikipedia, 2018). Urban areas The world population is expected to reach 60% in 2030 as urbanization is a rather rapid process. When the urban population is increasing, the urban poor are much more evident. Today, citizens of urban areas are faced with limited accessibility to potable water, insufficient waste management, excessive noise levels, environmental pollution and inadequate drainage systems as megacities reach their capacity to sustain life human. living situations, the lack of job opportunities contributes to more and more families trying to survive on low levels of income. This leads to a widening of the gap between rich and poor (Essays UK, 2013). Measures to eradicate poverty Providing good employment opportunities is one of the ways,.