Louis Pasteur is the most influential in terms of understanding disease of the entire time span as he is truly a giant of medicine. He was born on December 27, 1822 and died on September 28, 1895. He was a revolutionary chemist and microbiologist. His work has achieved unprecedented progress in science and medicine, to the point that 30 institutions and many streets, hospitals and schools bear his name and his honor that few have. He would begin his career at the Royal College of Besançon, where he would earn a bachelor of science degree. From there he entered a teacher's college where he would earn both his master's degree in science and his doctorate in the same area. Shortly thereafter he became a university professor of chemistry. We say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay. His first contribution to the sciences was molecular asymmetry. However, unfortunately this discovery has no relation to the topic explored in the book. But this fascinating discovery was based on the fact that chemical compounds reacted differently to polarized light based on the different shapes of the compound's crystals, and that they tended to be asymmetrical. It is a fascinating but complex discovery that would take too long to explain, yet it is highly advisable to research it. Dr. Pasteur's first discovery related to disease prevention was the germ theory of fermentation. He made this remarkable discovery while working as an undergraduate chemist in the Dean's Faculty of Science, thanks to a request from local brewers to help them with alcohol production problems at the local distillery. Thanks to these he began in-depth research on alcoholic fermentation. This led him to make a surprising discovery that led him to study lactic acid in milk and the fermentation of certain acids, mainly butyric acid. Thanks to these he left for Paris in 1857 both to become director of the Ecole Normale Superieure but above all to present a new theory. He presented scientific evidence on how fragmentation occurred thanks to microorganisms and each liquid that could ferment had a specific one using the examples of alcoholic milk and acids. Thanks to this evidence, the germ theory of fermentation was quickly accepted in the scientific community. However, these discoveries didn't stop there as Pasteur delved into the process that made things ferment. In this research, he discovered that the specific organisms that carried out the fermentation could only function in the absence of oxygen. With these in mind, he created two terms anaerobic and aerobic to classify organisms that could function with oxygen (aerobic) and organisms that could live only in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic). Armed with this knowledge Pasteur would suggest that the deterioration and putrefaction were caused by those anaerobic microorganisms. With these discoveries, he would first of all protect the French alcohol industry from contamination and prevent the spread of diseases linked to wine contamination. Later the French Emperor Napoleon III asked him to further study alcohol contamination. Here he discovered a process that is also used today. By studying the contamination of wine he realized that germs were responsible for the contamination. So he decided to prevent more contamination of the wine by heating the wine to 55 to 60 degrees Celsius or 130 to 140 Fahrenheit and then rapidly cooling the wine. He did this because he now understood that the bacteria could not survive such a rapid change. This process is called pasteurization. Even today, it comesused in almost all liquids for human consumption, preventing pathogens from spreading through these liquids causing infections linked to these pathogens which nowadays are almost extinct thanks to these processes. After these enormous successes, Louis Pasteur will attempt to prove the theory of spontaneous generation of putrefaction and fermentation wrong. This theory stated that both of these processes occurred spontaneously and could not be prevented. Pasteur decided that as long as such a theory existed, the progress of science would be blocked by useless debates on the subject by naturalists against the scientific community. To solve the problem he performed a simple experiment: he deposited a piece of beef broth in a long-necked flask that trapped the contaminated particles before they reached the main part of the flask, then he heated the flask containing the broth to sterilize it. He then broke the neck of the flask and as it was exposed to normal air and environment it eventually showed signs of bacterial contamination, therefore proving that if the neck of the flask had never been broken these would not have occurred. These resolved the dispute as it was clear that there was no such thing as spontaneous generation, these discoveries had many implications, firstly it resolved a 200 year long dispute between naturalists and scientific researchers, secondly it started a spike in the use of pasteurization by both local and nationwide industries to increase the safe consumption of their products and thirdly consolidate the claims of bacteriological science about how microorganisms were responsible for multiple processes. However, Pasteur would make further discoveries that would aid medicine. After this discovery, Pasteur's fame soared, leading silkworm breeders and a former teacher and friend to ask for his help during the silkworm crisis. This crisis consisted of a mysterious disease that caused eggs or silkworms to die before producing silk, these had spread throughout Europe which placed it on the brink of bankruptcy. Despite knowing nothing about silkworms, he accepted the request for help in learning more about infectious diseases. He will dedicate the next 5 years of his life to this investigation. He first noted that the disease could begin with a mature moth laying diseased eggs, he suggested that farmers check the egg-laying moth every month for a specific blood cell or skin that he associated with the disease and whether the moth had any blood cells. the eggs it had laid had to be destroyed as soon as possible. However, this didn't work: the healthy moths still produced diseased eggs. Faced with such an error he immediately went back to work to find a solution, he found diseased worms without globules and healthy ones with globules. After months and months of research, he discovered that there was a second disease with a different blood cell, with this knowledge he managed to destroy the moth disease. However, more importantly, he discovered how this globule could be transmitted to a healthy worm from a sick one if they ate the same leaves and the second disease passed through the intestines of the worms. And how the disease was able to survive thanks to the atmospheric conditions of the worm's habitat. Thanks to these not only precautions in the grazing of livestock, greater hygienic-sanitary measures have also been adopted and measures have been taken by humans to prevent the spread of diseases, such as washing clothes and not consuming the same food that a person was consuming 'other person. Furthermore, this case was what pushed Pasteur to devote himself so much tounderstanding infectious diseases and their treatment. Furthermore, these experiences and fermentation experiments are often cited as inspiration for the germ theory of disease. Germ theory was very similar to the germ theory of fermentation, essentially stating that every disease had a related microorganism that caused the disease process. However, in the early 1970s, while Pasteur was an associate member of the Académie de médecine, the academy rejected his germ theory in favor of the miasma theory or other alternatives that were more idealistic than Pasteur's theory, basically because it came from a chemical perspective, something many doctors disagree with. with backrest in the 19th century. However Pasteur would prove his theory not by deviating with the members but by creating an innovation that is still used today. It would create one of the first recorded effective vaccines. Its first vaccine would be against a disease known as fowl cholera. This discovery was made by observing how the laboratory made cultures of the microorganism that caused the disease, losing their tenacity but retaining reduced characteristics of the disease for many generations. He then injected the chickens with the now weaker form of the disease and then injected them with the natural form of the disease and demonstrated how they were totally immune. This proved that the germ theory was correct because it demonstrated that if the specific microorganism had not been able to survive in the organism (in this case thanks to the fact that the chicken was immune) the disease would not have been present nor its symptoms. Later, he worked on anthrax. At the same time, Robert Koch had discovered and isolated the anthrax bacillus (the cause of anthrax infection) and announced the life cycle of the disease. Pasteur confirmed that these findings were true. Subsequently, he would provide evidence that the bacillus was fully responsible for the disease, by injecting it into healthy sheep and observing how the disease was contracted and symptoms appear in previously healthy sheep and observing how all the sick sheep had the virus. bacillus in their body. These, combined with other evidence provided by Koch on the life cycle of anthrax, forced medicine to accept the germ theory of disease and abandon the Miasma theory of disease and the science of medical microbiology was born. Furthermore, to eliminate any doubts about the erroneous germ theory, he began work on a vaccine against anthrax. It would first determine what weakened the virus to make it less severe. Then, thanks to financial support from farmers, 70 to 80 farm animals were successfully immunized against the disease. Then Pasteur took immune and normal sheep to inject them with the natural form of the bacillus, after 2 weeks all the normal sheep died while all the vaccinated sheep were completely healthy and no symptoms of anthrax appeared. This was definitive proof that the disease was indeed caused by a specific microorganism and that vaccines were an effective way of immunization (despite the belief of some modern parental unions and politicians). Subsequently, Pasteur dedicated part of his life to investigating where these microorganisms came from, making him the pioneer of pathology. His research in this area is incredible, however it is not within the topic of the book, but it is worth researching. After finishing his research on the origin of organisms, he decided to attempt the creation of a vaccine against rabies. Rabies was a terrible disease to the point that in some rural areas it was a horror story, the disease caused muscle pain, fever, loss of appetite, hallucinations, fear, coma and a,.