Index IntroductionPurposeMethodParticipants and designProcedureDiscussionIntroductionConsidering the Stroop effect, automaticity and different types of attention, their relationships can help researchers better understand the cognitive processes activated to identify the desired stimulus correctly. In recent years, researchers have dedicated themselves to the study of attention and its different types, focused and divided. Attention is defined by the Merriam Webster Online Dictionary as the act or power of thinking about, listening to, or looking attentively at someone or something (Attention). Focused attention is a person's ability to receive 2 or more stimuli at the same time and be able to correctly and timely direct their attention to the desired stimulus. Being able to focus your attention is very important, especially when taking an exam, reading or studying. Divided attention is the concentration of multiple things at once, also called multitasking. Someone who doesn't have the best control over their attention, someone who is often divided, tends to have more difficulty studying and reading than someone who can focus their attention. You can test your ability to divide your attention by trying to pat yourself on the head and rub your stomach at the same time. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an Original Essay One factor that plays an important role in attention is automatic processing or automaticity. Automaticity occurs when an activity, or process, becomes automatic. A process becomes automatic after prolonged exposure to the process. These automatic processes are what make it possible to divide your attention. For a process to become automatic it must be fast, not inhibit the completion of the process but improve its ability to complete; and finally the process must be able to be unavailable to consciousness, to implicit memory, in order to be completely automated. Furthermore, Shiffrin and Schneider's Theory of Automaticity stated that an automatic process requires little skill, little attention and is very difficult to change. The text explained that one of the biggest problems with automatic processing stemmed from the lack of flexibility once a process became automatic. Automaticity can be measured by something known as the Stroop effect, which explains why, over the course of their lives, college students have automated the process of automatic processing. reading. Therefore, when asked to identify the color names of words, response times are shorter. Response times are shorter because reading the word is what our brain has become accustomed to doing, implicitly, and it triumphs and therefore inhibits the ability to report on the color of the word with the same precision and speed with which one reads the word. word. This is especially noticeable when the color of the word does not match the name of the color of the word. Processing to identify the color of an object or word is not something a person does every day, while reading is something we do everywhere. When you first wake up, read the clock to find out the time. So you might check your text messages, make coffee, and implicitly read the name of the coffee on the can, cereal box, milk jug, and so on. So how do researchers and psychologists use the Stroop effect to test divided attention and automaticity? There are several versions of Stroop effect experiments to test the Stroop effect. Almost all of Stroop's projects aredesigned to test focused attention. This is evident from the fact that participants were asked to ignore the meaning of the word to identify its color. At the same time, the Stroop effect also tests the theory of automaticity which theorized that a college student participating in a Stroop experiment would have faster response times when asked to report the meaning of the word on the color . The diagram above, Process A is a visual explanation of how automatic processing occurs. Trial B shows what happens during a Stroop experiment. This problem comes from divided attention, mentioned earlier. Tests of the Stroop effect divided attention by presenting the participant with a conflict with his or her implicit memory. When the color of the word does not match the meaning of the word and the participant is asked to report on the color of the word, split attention is what increases response time. However, due to the difficulty of modifying an automatic process, the Stroop effect is designed to cause semantic (cognition) conflict. In line with these findings, an experiment was conducted to test attention and automaticity. This experiment tested to see whether irrelevant emotional facial expressions disrupted other processes such as color naming, facial recognition, and categorizing emotional words. This study tested the automaticity of face perception and the extent of the relationship between other related goals and the ability to divide and focus attention, as well as the ability to be aware of implicit processes. Their findings found that involuntary, stimulus-driven processes still elicited a response with little or no attention to conscious awareness. Furthermore, this automatic response was further studied so that the facial expression in response to the judge's emotional stimuli was hardly inhibited. They argued that this was related to experience accumulated over generations, and that humans were implicitly good at tasks like those mentioned above. This supports the Stroop effect because the Stroop effect refers to a person's inhibited ability to report on the color of the word, something that is not automatic, versus something that is, that is reading the word (Oxford). Purpose The reason one would be interested in testing and measuring the Stroop effect is to better understand their ability to focus and divide their attention. The purpose of the Stroop experiment in a Montclair State University experimental psychology course is to run a replication of the original Stroop experiment so that undergraduate students can fulfill part of the course requirements. It is also useful to measure automated behaviors, and cognitive psychologists usually use the ability to do so to gain insight into a patient's underlying behavior. Stroop experiments are designed to elicit and measure automatic responses so that the psychologist can better help the patient through events, even if the patient does not share all information about the situation. It is hypothesized that the Stroop effect causes people to tend to be faster at identifying the character color when the word name and the character color are the same and are slower when they are different. It is also hypothesized that the reaction will be significantly slower due to the Stroop effect. incongruent compared to the congruent control condition. Method Participants and Design For each trial, participants were shown a word (RED, GREEN, or BLUE) that was printed in the font color red, green