IndexSchool in the ninetiesMales in the ninetiesRacism and immigration in the ninetiesIn search of AlibrandiConclusionSchool in the ninetiesDuring the nineties greater importance was given to the schooling of young people , especially those completing secondary school. This is because the job market required students to have higher educational credentials. Additionally, parents who had completed or extended school experiences were another motivating factor for students to complete secondary school, as these more educated parents became active stakeholders in education (Campbell & Proctor, 2014). Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay Looking specifically at different schools, there has been a decline in public school systems but a gradual increase in non-government schools. In 1991, according to Campbell and Proctor (2014), government schools decreased by 1.6% while non-government schools increased by 0.6%. Five years later, government schools continued to decline sharply with a decline of 5.1% and non-government schools continued to grow, increasing by 1.3%. Furthermore, this is due to the Howard Liberal government which, in the mid-1990s, began to divert more and more resources into the private sector and away from the public sector (Sherington & Campbell, 2009). As a result, these differences have led to conflict between government and non-government schools regarding enrollment (Campbell & Proctor, 2014). This conflict developed to the point that the school became increasingly divided based on social class and region. Catholic and Protestant schools became prominent in the school market for those living in the inner west, eastern suburbs and on the North Shore, with very few students attending state schools and the reason for this was because church-run schools had the perception to be tidier than public schools. Additionally, Catholic schools had an exclusivity factor and gaining entry was largely based on the ability to pay fees, the student's likely behavior or learning problems, as well as having to take entrance tests to demonstrate academic potential (Campbell & Proctor, 2014). Furthermore, these schools have differentiated themselves by promoting specializations in the curriculum, such as religion classes, as well as providing social exclusivity (Campbell & Proctor, 2014). In general, Catholic schools developed early and were always single-sex schools run by brothers or nuns. Furthermore, girls' schools began to adopt more Arnoldian features such as having prefects, school songs and scholarships. This remained the same throughout the 1990s. On top of this, during the 1990s, policies began to reorient towards including women in curricula, higher education and careers previously dominated by men. Boys in the '90s During the '90s, boys were becoming a problem. There was the development of new programs intended to support young males becoming the disadvantaged sex, a label previously belonging to women. Alongside this, youth suicide, especially among young males, has become more prevalent. Suicide rates of males between the ages of 15 and 24 increased significantly during the 1990s, particularly during 1995–1997, being three times higher than the rate in the 1960s. More specifically, the Australian Bureau of Statistics compared the rates ofsuicide in the 15-24 age group and found that females had an average of 5.1 while males had an average of 25.7, per 100,000 population (Cantor et al., 1999). These rates, particularly high for young males, were potentially the result of experiencing “freedom as tyranny,” especially as they felt their individual choices were significantly influenced by traditional social factors such as privilege. Racism and immigration during the 1990s The Racial Discrimination Act was enacted during the 1970s, which saw the abolition of the White Australia Policy. As a result of this act, the 1990s saw the emergence of multicultural policies in the era of post-white Australia, which led to Australian schooling becoming more diverse. However, beyond that, these policies and laws did not effectively prevent discrimination as the 1990s also saw a rise in xenophobia and anti-immigrant racism. , particularly Asian and Muslim immigrants who have provoked opposition (Tavan, 2004). This continued until the late 1990s when Pauline Hanson's One Nation Party argued that immigration served as a prelude to conflict and social division and would ultimately create an ethnically divided Australia. Furthermore, from a survey conducted among the Sydney public, 60% of people expressed opinions against immigrant groups maintaining their cultures and traditions. Although Asian and Muslim immigrants appear to be the main groups, there were less mentioned groups such as Southerners and Southerners. Eastern Europeans who have also been identified as significant outgroups in New South Wales (Forrest & Dunn, 2006). Eastern Europeans, particularly Italians, emigrated en masse to Australia in the 1950s. Despite the number of years that had passed since their migration, it was not until the 1990s that significant linguistic change and loss occurred among Italian-Australians. More specifically, the number of Italian speakers decreased by 10.3% and subsequent generations were found to encapsulate Italian behaviors regarding family and community, but Australian tendencies outwardly (Rubino, 2002). This may be representative of Italian-Australians refraining from engaging in their own culture due to the rise of racism during this decade. However, by the mid to late 1990s, there was evidence of a cultural and linguistic revival of the Italian language and culture among younger generations of Italian-Australians.Looking for Alibrandi'Looking for Alibrandi' is a film production Australian released in 2000. specifically, the entire film was shot in famous locations in Sydney. These included Bondi Beach, Glebe, the Sydney Opera House and the University of Sydney Quadrangle. As for the school scenes, the schools mainly used were Scots College and Kincoppal School. The film itself received five awards at the 2000 AFI Awards, of which the most significant was "Best Film". In particular, director Kate Woods made her directorial debut with 'Cercando Alibrandi'. She was praised for portraying multiculturalism within the film with respect and with real depth. This reaction and the success of the film is reflected in the fact that the film grossed $8.3 million at the box office in Australia. The main character who plays Josie Alibrandi is Pia Miranda. She earned a Bachelor of Arts and majored in performing arts at the Victorian University of Technology before starting her acting role. Miranda shared something in common with her character as she also came from backgroundsItalian-Australians. The screenplay is by Melina Marchetta, also author of the novel of the same name. Marchetta attended high school at Rosebank College, which is currently a Roman Catholic independent comprehensive co-educational secondary school, however prior to 1986, when Marchetta was a student, it was an all-girls school. Alibrandi'. The school Josie Alibrandi attends is an all-girls Catholic school called St Martha's. As mentioned, Catholic schools were the biggest school on the market in the 1990s, accounting for the main character attending this particular school. Furthermore, the idea that Catholic schools were largely based on the student's ability to pay fees was made clear in the film when Josie detailed how her friend's father had to work two jobs to secure a place at his daughter at school. Looking at SMartha, the portrayal of the Catholic school in the film is accurate to the description of the school environment mentioned in Part 1. This is because in the film the teachers were nuns called "sisters", the only scene shown in the classroom was a religious scene. class that reiterated that religion in a specialized part of the curriculum, and there were scenes in which the girls gathered in church to sing a school hymn. This singing scene also serves as an example of girls' schools developing Arnoldian characteristics. Furthermore, films shot outdoors incorporate a lot of incidental information about different infrastructures and how things actually existed at the time and, when originality is guaranteed, provide valuable information about social history. This is evident in the film as the school scenes are filmed at Kincoppal School, a real Roman Catholic girls' secondary school founded in 1882. By using an authentic school, originality is maintained so as to provide an accurate insight into what Catholic schools were like. in the 90s. Additionally, there was a scene where multiple schools went to the Sydney Opera House to listen to speeches from several students. In this scene, Josie gave a speech and the reception from her school was calm and polite. She was followed by Jacob Coote, a public school boy characterized by a vulgar and boisterous personality. During his speech, there were obnoxious students laughing and clapping everywhere. For added effect, the camera panned across the audience and there was a clear distinction in the behavior and clothing of the students, making it easy to determine which student attended a private or public school. By including this particular scene, it well reflected the common 1990s perception that church-run schools were tidier than public ones. In addition to education, the Alibrandis' Italian heritage was a significant aspect of the film. Racism re-emerged in the 1990s and Italian-Australians in particular felt the need not to engage with their own culture. This is reflected in the fact that Josie expresses her disinterest and annoyance towards her noisy Italian family in the opening scene, before leaving the gathering to hand out her Australian friends. Additionally, students at school openly call her Italian family "wogs", with Carly Bishop even mentioning how her father had advertised that he was "tackling all the wogs". These examples are graphic and represent the racism that occurred during that decade. These social attitudes are reflected specifically and vividly, however they contain some inaccuracies as films tend to avoid being controversial especially with topics such as racism as they can offend a large audience. Despite racism, the film also shows rebirth.