Bias and prejudices play a role in our instinctive judgments as they influence our subconscious decision making. Studies have shown that doctors are more likely to recommend unnecessary surgeries to racial minorities, due to “implicit bias” or subconscious racism that influences our instinctive judgments (Viskontas & Mooney, 2014). This perspective suggests that testing gut judgments using ways of knowing is similar to the scientific method; innate intuition is combined with the evidence of reason and sensory perception to confirm our instinctive judgments or hypotheses. Robert Heller recommends "never ignoring a gut feeling, but never believing it's enough" (McKenzie,