• While Self did not survive to become a truly modern OOP language, it was a second generation OOP language. Then, in the early 1990s, Alexander Stepanov and Meng Lee pioneered general-purpose programming and wrote the first drafts of C++ STLs. The early 1990s saw the development of CORBA and Microsoft's COM, which was a natural extension of the ideas that had led to the original Windows API. This interface or component programming was a natural extension of encapsulation, a fundamental principle of OOP, as we will see. All of these developments aimed to manage or further reduce complexity. Since this was the original goal of OOP and these techniques are used in conjunction with classical OOP, we believe it is appropriate to consider them in a discussion of OOP. The Future of OOPThe future contains greater standardization of functional programming techniques in OOP environments, particularly lambda expressions and closures, and more robust metaprogramming constructs. Automatically applying design patterns via generic or metaprogramming techniques is interesting