Communism is a system of government designed to allow the poor to rise up and achieve financial and social status equal to that of middle-class landowners. In order for everyone to achieve equality, wealth is redistributed so that members of the upper class are reduced to the same financial and social level as the middle class. Some countries that are communist today are China, Laos, North Korea, and Vietnam. Socialism is when the government owns all property and means of production instead of them being privately owned by the people. In socialism there are no private businesses or private land. Some socialist countries today include Denmark, Finland, Belgium, Canada, Sweden, Ireland, and New Zealand. Monarchy is another type of government that is ruled by a king or queen and is ruled by a single person rather than a group of people or citizens of the country. There are no monarchical countries today, but there were a couple in the past, such as China in 1911, Saudi Arabia in the mid-1850s, Japan in 1947, and England in