In Spaniards in the Colonial Empire, Burkholder discusses the differences between Peninsulars and Creoles. He argues that life in Spanish America from the arrival of Columbus in 1492 until its independence was characterized by the inequality of creoles: people of Spanish blood born in America, compared to the privileged status held by peninsulares: people born in Spain. The journey to the Indies was driven by the desire to accumulate wealth. Rivalries between Creoles and Peninsulars began in the church, which was a major source of employment and revenue during the colonial period. Age requirements for Creoles were higher than those for peninsular areas, and available positions were more frequently assigned to the former. Women who chose to enter convents were granted entry based on racial and socioeconomic factors that demonstrated their limpieza de sangre. Native daughters, daughters of Peninsulars who were brought to Spanish America at a young age, often married Peninsular men and vice versa, typically for status because Peninsulars held power and wealth. This limited the movement of upward mobility sought by the lower classes because power and wealth were held among peninsulas. Burkholder goes on to explain that after cities were founded with the creation of schools, churches, government offices, and an army, the crown would send peninsulars to America and place them in positions of higher status. This ensured loyalty to the crown and opened the way for further dissent among the creoles. The American-born Spaniards had several advantages over the Peninsulars. They were better educated, having spent more time in school. Furthermore, they knew the indigenous language well, which allowed for better communication with the indigenous people. Another factor... half the card... more ineffective than otherwise. It took several weeks to travel to and from America and the fact that people did not question the crown's authority due to these numerous factors led me to question the book and sources altogether. The placement of the positions deserved by the Creoles on the peninsula led to government corruption and the inability to govern justly. The Creoles didn't just question the settlement of Peninsulars in offices meant for Creoles, they argued their case over and over again, claiming that they had knowledge of indigenous languages, familiarity with the landscape, and were better educated. Spain ignored the Creoles and native sons and once the latter grew tired of submitting to the Spanish monarchy, they fought back. Works Cited Burkholder, Mark A. Spaniards in the Colonial Empire: Creoles vs. Peninsulars? Wiley-Blackwell: United Kingdom, 2013.