It is considered the world's worst offshore disaster, killing 167 people. This disaster occurred due to the explosion and fire of the Piper Alpha platform in the United Kingdom in 1988. The disaster was caused by a combination of different causes, including human factors. However, this disaster has led to many changes around the world in the field of safety regulations in order to improve safety in different fields. Background In 1972, four companies came together after obtaining the necessary license to explore the subsurface of the North Sea for oil and gas. The joint venture companies discovered oil in early 1973. The discovered oil was in an area called Piper Field which is about 120 miles northeast of Aberdeen. There were three oil platforms in the area, which were Piper Alpha, Tartan and Claymore platforms. These platforms sent oil to the nearby Orkney Islands oil terminal, mainly at Fleet, via an underwater pipeline. The terminal began producing oil in 1976 and gas in 1980. However, the production of these two products and their transportation between the platforms and the main oil terminal were complicated and thus resulted in the subsequent disaster. The Piper Alpha Platform Two manufacturers built the Piper Alpha platform, McDermott Engineering and UIE. Building the platform was no easy task; in particular, the potential location of the platform was to be built in the water. The project was to be built in sections at each manufacturer's headquarters before joining the two parts at McDermott Engineering's headquarters in Ardersier. Then, in 1975, the platform was installed in its location in the water. Considering safety, the initial design of the platform was satisfactory... middle of paper... qualifications of managers• Workers are not trained properly, Lord Cullen had recommended some recommendations on how to improve and prevent such a disaster on offshore projects. Its recommendations are as follows: • The work permit system is very important and should be considered essential by workers, especially during maintenance • Management should provide adequate training to its workers on safety and emergency situations • Walls Fire breaks should be replaced with blast walls There are some lessons learned from a disaster such as: • Quality of safety management is very vital • Control is key • Training of all workers is essential • Communication between workers, especially among maintenance workers OSHA-related standards: • “OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119” • “OSHA 29 CFR 1926.803” • “OSHA 29 CFR 1926.64” • “OSHA 29 CFR 1926.350” • “OSHA 29 CFR 1926.153”