Filtration – This is an experiment in which inorganic and displacement chemical reactions take place to collect a salt and produce water through the filtration process. The chemicals used were a metal oxide, in this case, copper oxide, and a dilute acid, sulfuric acid, with the purpose of separating the copper and oxygen to collect pure copper(II) ions, which is a salt soluble. The color should be a very distinctive blue. Sulfuric acid is added to a glass. A tripod and a Bunsen burner are set up and the glass is heated with the blue flame of the Bunsen burner until it almost reaches boiling point. Then a spatula is needed to add portions of the copper(ii) to the beaker, stirring continuously for about thirty seconds and adding the next portion, and stirring and so on until all the copper oxide has been added. The glass is then heated further for a couple of minutes, to ensure that the copper oxide has fully reacted with the sulfuric acid. The next step of the experiment involves placing a filter funnel in the neck of the flask. The filter paper must be folded into the funnel. The contents of the glass must still be warm. This is swirled and slowly filtered into the funnel. A clear blue solution should end up in the funnel. If there is black powder in the solution, filtration must be repeated. The clear solution is poured into a glass and left in a warm place for about a week to allow the water to evaporate. Crystals will begin to form as it dries, so these need to be filtered and the crystals collected on a paper towel to absorb any excess water.(Nuffield Foundation, 2011)(Nuffield Foundation, 2011)ChromatographyThis is a technique that is used to separate mixtures. A substance is placed in a medium... in the center of the paper... with ice water. The vacuum remains on to dry the aspirin. For it to be completely dry you may need to leave it for a full day. Distillation The purpose of distillation is to separate mixtures and purify liquids. A distillation experiment was carried out in class to extract limonene from orange peel. (Zamcopter, 2014) The distillation process begins by placing the orange in a blender. The holder and clamp are attached to the round bottom flash and the delivery tube. The orange peel is now placed at the bottom of the flask together with the boiling water. This must be refluxed for thirty minutes, which cools and captures the resulting vapors. The equipment is rearranged in the following image and the collected substance, limonene distillate/water, is collected in the boiling tube. (Expats, 2014) Bromine water is added drop by drop to the distillate.