The Enlightenment of the 18th century was an era that symbolized the desire to change the social order of European citizens. The Church was thought to be the source of truth and condemned anyone who opposed it, but people began to think separately and independently of the Church. Enlightenment thinkers provided new ideas based on reason, science, and the value of humanity. Furthermore, Enlightenment writers intended to alter the relationship between people and government. Although many welcomed the Enlightenment, five movements reacted against the ideas of the time. Conservatism was a reaction against the Enlightenment because it reflected ideas based on tradition and hierarchy. The ideas of liberalism were built on the foundations of the Enlightenment but began to imitate middle class values. Followers of nationalism became overly committed to their nation's views. The socialist movement was a reaction against the Enlightenment because as it progressed it took on the guise of nationalism. Finally there is the Romanticism movement and, unlike the Enlightenment, this movement rejected the natural sciences. Conservatism was a political and social movement, it embraced tradition and any changes that occurred were minimal. “Conservatives hated attempts to transform society according to a theoretical model. They considered human nature too intricate and social relationships too complex for such social engineers” (Perry, p. 532). As the world continued to advance in science and religious and human views, conservatives were unwilling to recognize the need for fundamental changes, especially those changes involving tradition, faith, and natural law. The reluctance towards changes in society was an opposition... at the heart of the paper... a movement that attempted to introduce new ways of thinking, views of nature and religion. However, other movements rejected the Enlightenment and introduced further ideologies. Conservatism reacted to the Enlightenment because it was based on tradition, and the Enlightenment certainly promoted change. The ideology of liberalism offered political, social, and economic freedoms to the individual, while the Enlightenment wanted those freedoms for all. Nationalism was centered on the principle of loyalty to the government, and the Enlightenment sought to change the relationship between the people and their government. Socialism was based on individual economic freedoms, and once again, the Enlightenment embraced all people. Lastly is Romanticism, which supported the principle of self-awareness as opposed to awareness of nature, like the Enlightenment..