During the late 19th and 20th centuries blacks in America were debating the correct way to define and present the Negro in America. Leaders such as Alain Lock, W. E. B. Dubois, Marcus Garvey, and Tuskegee University founder Booker T. Washington all had the idea of ​​a New Negros who was intellectually intelligent, politically astute, and who contributed to society in commercial work. All four influential leaders wrote essays on this point about the new Negroes and their representations in art and life. In “Art or Propaganda,” Locke calls not for a corrupt or overly cultured art, but for an art free to serve its own ends, free to choose “group expression” or “individualistic expression.” (National Humanities Center) In W. E. B. Du Bois' "Criteria for Negro Art" speech at the 1926 Chicago NAACP Conference, he advocates not a narrow literature that strikes the reader with a social message but an art that works on behalf of racial progress . , arranging “Truth” to promote “universal understanding” and “Goodness” to produce “sympathy and human concern.” (National Humanities Center) In Booker T. Washington's “Atlanta Compromise” speech, he states, “Break it down in agriculture, mechanics, commerce, domestic service, and the professions. And in this regard it is good to keep in mind that any other sin the South may be called upon to bear. when it comes to business, pure and simple, it is in the South that the negro is given an opportunity as a man in the commercial world, and in nothing is this Exposition more eloquent than in emphasizing this opportunity. Everyone was looking for the Negro to embrace who he is and expand his thoughts into the world. Middle-class black Americans sought to change Sambo, Coon, Pickannany, Uncle, and Mammy… in between. article ...... 3. Wolfskill, Phoebe. "Caricature and the New Negro in the Work of Archibald Motley Jr. and Palmer Hayden." Academic research completed. EBSCO Web. May 31, 2010.4. “Race Colored Images and Visual Representation.” University of North Carolina Press Copyright 2003.5. Mooney, Amy M. "Archibald J. Motley Jr." David C. Driskell's African American Art Series: Volume IV Pomegranate San Francisco Copyright 20046.Morgan, I. "10. Writing, in PROTEST, The Making of African American Identity: Vol. III, 1917-1968, Primary Resources in History and in the Literature of the United States, Tool Library, National Center for the Humanities." National Center for the Humanities - Welcome to the National Center for the Humanities. National Center for Humanistic Studies. Web. 23 May 2007.7.Locke, Alain L. "P . 69. "Negro art. Past and present. New York: Albany, 1936. 69. Print.