OverviewThe Arts and Crafts movement originated in England in the 1860s and became popular in the United States during the 1880s. Many prominent architects, designers, and historians played a role in establishing the movement's popularity. The goal behind the reform was “to change the working conditions of artisans while improving the quality of design” (Harwood, May, & Sherman, 2012). During this period, industrialization was rapidly growing and the Arts and Crafts era focused on the design values ​​of “medieval-style craft guilds” (Harwood, May, & Sherman, 2012). During this period many considerations were made, including the promotion of efficient space planning to adapt to human needs. Another objective was to create harmony with nature and unity of design within the individual spaces. Probably the most important feature of the reform was the honesty of the materials. Structure and function were among the most valued features of artisans' manual work (Harwood, May, & Sherman, 2012). Some members of the English upper-middle class were discouraged by the currently shifting social order. During this time, the Depression hit England and unemployment increased at an alarming rate. Newly formed socialist groups protested on the streets of London in fear of foreign agitators and coercion in Ireland. The protest ended with a police-led charge to clear Trafalgar Square. Hundreds of people died that day and three were killed. Today, November 13 is remembered as “Bloody Sunday” (Rowbotham, 2008). Due to peak unemployment, Charles Ashbee, a young architect, founded the Guild and School of Handicraft in the slums of London. Along with some members of the slums, Ashbee also uses... paper medium......embroidery, stencils, applique, or carvings (Harwood, May, & Sherman, 2012).Later interpretationsAlthough the Arts and Crafts movement did not has survived the changing times, many companies continue to produce Mission style furniture today. The first company to lead the trend was L & JG Stickley Company. In 1989, they reintroduced reproductions of the first Mission furniture. Other companies in both the United States and England quickly followed. Many individual craftsmen still create furniture to imitate the design principles introduced during the Arts and Crafts period (Harwood, May, & Sherman, 2012). Works Cited Harwood, B., May, B., & Sherman, C. (2012). Architecture and interior design: a history integrated into the present. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall.Rowbotham, S. (2008, February). Arts, crafts and socialism. History today .