NAME: HANI SYAFINI ZULKIFLISITI FAIRUZ MOHD FAUZITITTLE: LOANWORDS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE1.0 Introduction1.1 Development of English vocabulary2.0 Influence of Latin in English vocabulary2.1 Old English2.2 Middle English2.3 Modern English3.0 Influence of French on English vocabulary3.1 Middle English3.2 Modern English4.0 Influence of Germanic on English vocabulary4.1 Low Germanic4.2 High Germanic5.0 Influence of other languages ​​in the English vocabulary5 .1 Italian5.2 Spanish and Portuguese6.0 Conclusion1.0 Introduction1.1 Development of the English vocabularyCelts, Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Danes and Norman French had invaded Britain years ago. Since then, the people there are mixed genes, cultures and spoken languages. As a result, despite the culture, the language is also bastardized. When someone imitates a foreign word, he is said to borrow it, and the action is called borrowing or word borrowing. Therefore, apart from native English words, all vocabulary is borrowed from a foreign language or coined with its elements.2.0 Influence of Latin in English vocabularyLatin influence in English can be seen in Old English, English Middle and Modern English.2.2 Old EnglishAt first, loanwords from Latin are candel 'candle' (Latin candela), earc 'arca' (Latin arca), port 'port' (Latin portus). Latin also influences most elements in English places such as Lancaster, Manchester, Casterton and Chesterfield. Most of these places were former Roman military stations. Some of the loanwords have a close relationship with Latin etymology. For example, the word alter 'altar' (Latin altare), circul 'circle' (Latin circulus), templ 'temple' (Latin templum), (a)postle 'apostle' (Latin apostolu...... half of paper ......ackwurst), noodle (Nudel), pretzel, pumpernickel, sauerbraten, sauerkraut, schnitzel, wienerwurst and zwieback. In addition to this, the words anguish, hamster, landau (from the place that bears that name), waltz and the dog names dachshund, doberman(n) pinscher, poodle (Pudel) and spitz are other words used by German. The words seminar and semester are originally Latin but these words entered English through German.5.0 Influence of other languages ​​on English vocabularyEnglish took from other languages ​​such as Italian, Spanish and Portuguese through travel, trade, exploration and colonization.5.1 ItalianMany pieces of music the terminologies have been acquired from Italian, another Romance language. The words contralto, duo, fuga, madrigal, Presto, viola da gamba (violet for leg) and violin appeared in English in the early 16th century.5.2 Spanish and Portuguese