The theory used by this article is that introverted or extroverted personality characteristics and national culture influence susceptibility to groupthink. If companies understood the importance of how different personality types and cultures influence decision making, it would be better to avoid groupthink leading to better problem solutions. This theory is important because it can reduce the burdensome effects of groupthink by understanding and recognizing individual differences among members, resulting in better outcomes. The first variable is personality type. We will define this with Gordon Allport's definition that personality is “the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adaptations to his environment” (Lakshmi, 2008). For the purposes of this study we will use the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator due to its popularity and importance: two and a half million Americans a year take the test and 89 of the US Fortune 100 companies use it for selection, recruiting and way to enable employees to better understand themselves and others (Psychometric Success, 2013). Dimensions of the variable include introversion versus extraversion, sensing versus intuition, thinking versus feeling, and judging versus sensing (Myers & McCaulley, 1985). We will focus specifically on introversion and extroversion and refer to psychiatrist Carl Jung's definitions of the terms: an introvert is someone who withdraws into himself and tends to be shy, and an extrovert seeks the company of others and is likely to be very sociable ( Lakshmi, 2008). The literature takes this independent variable into account in Vijaya Lakshmi's study of extroverts and introverts. I get it… middle of paper… that means they want to reduce risk as much as possible and they want to avoid uncertainty as much as possible. The literature takes this independent variable into account in Zhang's study of the ways in which one's culture influences decisions made under the influence of the majority. Because conformity is partly a product of culture, different cultural perspectives and experiences will impact decision making. One's national culture impacts the original relationship because it helps shape one's personality, which helps shape one's susceptibility to groupthink. Therefore, one's national culture acts as a partial mediating variable, because it influences both one's personality type and one's susceptibility to groupthink. My hypothesis is that those with high UAI scores are more likely to succumb to groupthink and those with low UAI scores are less likely to succumb to groupthink.
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