Durkheim: What makes society progressive is the growth of a nation towards the better. What makes a nation powerful and growing is the division of labor. Over the centuries of technological growth it has become evident that within a society, the greater the social progress, the greater the division of labor within the nation. Durkheim believed that the division of labor had a natural law, which did not only concern human beings but all organisms. Durkheim believed that although everything should be shared in one's work, it was all for the greater good, social solidarity. Social solidarity meant that everyone ultimately worked separately to achieve the same result. It introduces different types of laws to characterize the different types of social solidarity they bring with them. Mechanical and organic solidarity are what he mentions and each is completely different from each other. Penal laws and their respective punishments promoted mechanical solidarity, or a sense of unity that results in individuals engaged in similar work who come from the same contexts. Civil laws promote organic solidarity; it is a society in which individuals engage in different kinds of works for the benefit of society as a whole. He explains that nations with a more mechanistic point of view have less developed societies because there is much less diversity and division of labor, so individuals share similar views of life and therefore do not bring different thoughts into society. However, organically speaking, nations have more diverse occupations, so people rely more on each other, which results in greater benefits for society. KARL MARX: Marx believed that increased specialization led workers to be less enthusiastic about their work and... ... middle of paper ...... society's abundance. This means that the standard of living increases even for the poorest. Like Durkheim, Smith believed that this led to an interconnectedness between workers and society as a whole. However, unlike Durkheim who saw the division of labor as a great thing necessary for a nation to grow, prosper and be cheerful. Adam Smith viewed division more as a bad thing. He understood that separation meant that time was spent more productively but felt that this led to a “mental mutilation” of workers because everything they did was the same thing. As they kept doing the same job over and over again, he had a feeling that over time the worker would get tired and hesitate to do the one job he was assigned to do. He understood that a person who does well at a task should use his best qualities and stay at that task.