In 476 AD the Eastern Roman Empire also known as the Empire of Byzantium was reinventing itself from the old dynasty, forming a new nation more analogous to one " Middle Eastern State" " (Rosenwein 54). This era of history experienced many events that would shape its society. An important event in the history of Europe was the Treaty of Verdun, which in 843 ended the long-lasting Carolingian civil war. three years. According to Rosenwein “after Louis' death a peace was made in the Treaty of Verdun (843). The empire was subsequently divided into three parts, an arrangement which would roughly define the future political contours of Western Europe” (Rosenwein). 123). Charles the Bald, son of Louis the Pious, would have inherited what is now France, while Louis the German would have bequeathed Germany, and the “Middle Kingdom” would have become Lothair's half of what is today it's Italy. The agreement would end the power struggle between Charlemagne's nephews and a violent war (Rosenwein 123). Charlemagne's reign before his death was also an important event in the formation of Europe. Charlemagne (768 -814), also known as "Charlemagne", raided Italy and conquered the Lombard crown adding northern Italy in 774. He fought the Saxons for over thirty years expanding his territory along the way. The emperor aggressively converted foreigners after conquering their territory to Christianity. In the 19th century it extended its territory into the western and central regions of Europe. The Carolingian king created institutions that mirrored the ancient Roman Empire and established districts under an appointed authority called a "count" similar to a modern governor. Charlemagne was also instrumental in creating an educational system for his people. The Emperor would send…half of the card…a new and innovative empire. Under Charlemagne's reign, education, music and community flourished. Charlemagne's ideas would last and become the foundation of modern society. The Treaty of Verdun would create a solution between fighting brothers and end a raging war. What would eventually be created would be in Germany, Italy and France. The Carolingian Renaissance will give rise to wonderful works of art, Carolingian minuscule script, musical notation and books. The Magna Carta would be one of the first documents in written form to prevent a king from overstepping his bounds and consulting his administration before making decisions. The Battle of Hastings in 1066 AD would be a duel between two opposing leaders willing to fight to the death to gain a crown. Overall, each of these events was significant for the continued development of Europe.