Due to the nature of our biology we are social animals who continually crave companionship, seek the approval of others, and aspire to fit in. However, this conformity prohibits individuals from expressing their true thoughts and instead actively involves them in peer-pressured situations, unconsciously following social norms. Thus, the individual succumbs to groupthink. Groupthink occurs when groups are highly cohesive and are aware that they have to make a quality decision under considerable pressure. It is a process of rationalization that begins when group members begin to think alike (Sims & Sauser, 2013). There are eight symptoms of groupthink: illusion of invulnerability (the group thinks it is invincible), collective rationalization (no reconsideration of assumptions), belief in intrinsic morality (ignoring the ethics or consequences of one's decisions), stereotypical views of groups externals ("enemy" is too evil, weak, or stupid to care), self-censorship (doubts arising from group consensus are not expressed), illusion of unanimity (everyone agrees with everyone else), and self-appointed mind guards ( members protect the group from information that is contradictory or problematic for group cohesion) (Janis, 1972). If a group of individuals came together, they would engage in these groupthink symptoms, resulting in “bad” decision making that produces suboptimal outcomes. Furthermore, Janis (1982) found that there are three types of antecedent conditions, or conditions that lead to the pursuit of competition, which result in observable consequences, that is, the low probability of a positive outcome. The three types of antecedent conditions include group cohesion, organizational structural flaws, and situational…middle of the paper…especially when making a decision. It can also help us better predict outcomes that have occurred because we have some information about why certain individuals behaved in certain ways. Furthermore, Dongsong Zhang examined the role that people's cultures have on the influence of the majority in groups. After evaluating participants from various cultures through group tasks and experiments, he concluded that national culture significantly influences majority influence (Zhang, 2007). He defines majority influence as the “attempt by a majority of group members to impose their common position on group dissenters during the group's decision-making process” and states that majorities have the (Zhang, 2007). Businesses and societies around the world are made up of multicultural individuals and workgroups, so it is essential that they understand the challenges that these different cultural contexts present.
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