Planning decisions embody the collective voice of communities and key stakeholders. To create an implementation that satisfies the participants involved, a successful negotiation must take place. Negotiation, as Merriam-Webster (2013), is defined as arguing with another to reach an agreement. In other words, negotiation is a tool adapted from the corporate sector to the public sector as a tool for gathering information to reach a resolution (Shmueli, Kaufman, & Ozawa, 2008). It is important to have positive interactions between public, private, and community actors. Community actors who influence and ultimately create public value in negotiations are citizens, businesses, other public authorities and non-profit organizations (Fontana, 2012). Public value is the contribution that a group of people can make to society (Jorgensen & Bozeman, 2007). It is important to recognize that all players have different agendas and that finding a solution that satisfies all parties can be difficult. However, bringing together different expectations is a fundamental and critical condition for the creation of public value (Fontana, 2012). Not working together runs the risk of missing important aspects. These aspects include wasting time and making assumptions about the final results. Wasting time is doing excessive research that may be common knowledge to others, and assumptions may be expectations that the negotiation process will force structural change rather than creating implementable solutions (Shmueli, Kaufman, & Ozawa, 2008). In other words, planners may miss opportunities for improved and approved implementations. Understanding the contribution of all parties will be invaluable in creating successful implementations. This article will look at the next part… half of the article… An evolution in public benefits negotiation processes. Master's Thesis, 33-37. Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Jorgensen, T. B., & Bozeman, B. (2007). Public values, an inventory. Administration and Society, 354-381.Musil, T. A. (2012). The sleeping giant: community benefit agreements and urban development. The Urban Lawyer, 44(4), 827-231,833-851. Petro, J. (2013, February 22). Do Bloomberg's would-be successors think Atlantic Yards was a good idea? Next city.Shmueli, D., Kaufman, S., & Ozawa, C. (2008, March). Mining neogitiation theory for planning insights. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 27(3), 359-364.Webster, M. (2014). Negotiate. Retrieved June 2014 from Merriam-Webster: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/negotiateWilliams, A. (1974, September). The cost-benefit approach. British Medical Bulletin, 30(3), 252-256.
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